DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH (DI)
Direct speech atau kalimat langsung adalah kutipan asli sebuah
pembicaraan, tanpa adanya perubahan. Penulisan direct speech selalu
menggunakan tanda kutip, dan kalimatnya dimulai dengan huruf kapital. Contoh:
o Kent said, “Open the front door, please!”
o My father said, “Your mom will be very proud of you.”
o He asked me, “Do you know what I mean?”
Indirect speech (kalimat tak langsung) merupakan kalimat yang digunakan
untuk menceritakan kembali pembicaraan atau pendapat seseorang. Kalimat jenis
ini sudah mengalami modifikasi, tidak sama persis dengan kalimat aslinya.
Berikut uraian terkait beberapa perubahan yang terjadi dari direct speech ke
indirect (reported) speech:
1. Apabila kalimat pengantar pada direct speech menggunakan tenses present
berikut ini; simple present, present continuous, dan present perfect atau
tenses simple future, maka tidak terjadi perubahan bentuk waktu (tenses)
pada indirect speech. Kalimat pengantar yang dimaksud di atas adalah:
a. He says, “...”
b. He is saying, “...”
c. He has said, “...”
d. He will say, “...”
Contoh:
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
He says, “I go.” He says (that) he goes.
She will say, “I have gone to
Bandung.”
She will say (that) she has gone to
Bandung.
He has said, “I will go.” He has said (that) he will go.
2. Apabila kalimat pengantar pada direct speech menggunakan tenses past
berikut ini; simple past, past continuous, past perfect dan past future, maka
terjadi perubahan bentuk waktu (tenses) pada indirect speech. Kalimat
pengantar yang dimaksud di atas adalah:
a. He said, “...”
b. He was saying, “...”
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c. He had said, “...”
d. He would say, “...”
Adapun perubahan tenses yang terjadi sebagai berikut:
No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Tenses of Present Tenses of Past
1. Simple Present Simple Past
2. Present Continuous Past Continuous
3. Present Perfect Past Perfect
4. Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
5. Simple Past Past Perfect
6. Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
7. Past Perfect Past perfect
8. Simple Future Past Future
9. Future Continuous Past Future Continuous
10. Should, Would, Could,
Ought, Might
Should, Would, Could, Ought,
Might
Contoh:
No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1. He said, “I go.” He said (that) he went.
2. He said, “I am going.” He said (that) he was going.
3. He said, “I have gone.” He said (that) he had gone.
4. He said, “I have been going.” He said (That) he had been going.
5. He said, “I went.” He said (That) he had gone.
6. He said, “I was going.” He said (That) had been going.
7. He said, “I had gone.” He said (That) he had gone.
8. He said, “I will go” He said (that) he would go.
9. He said, “I will be going.” He said (that) he would be going.
10. He said, “I would go.” He said (that) he would go.
3. Apabila direct speech berbentuk interrogative sentence, maka pada indirect
speech:
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o Kata say diubah ask, inquire, wonder, want to know.
o Kalimat pertanyaan (interrogative sentence) diubah menjadi kalimat berita
(affirmative sentence).
Apabila direct speech berbentuk:
a. Yes/No Question
Apabila direct speech berbentuk Yes/No question, maka affirmative
sentence pada indirect speech menggunakan penghubung if atau
whether.
Contoh:
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
They say, “Will you go?” The ask if I will go
They said, “Are they doctors?” They asked if they were doctors.
I said, “Are you eating?” I asked if he (she) was eating.
b. Informative Question (WH-Question)
Apabila direct speech berbentuk Informative question, maka WHQuestions:
where, what, when, why, which, whose, how, menjadi
conjunction untuk affirmative sentence pada indirect speech.
Contoh:
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
They say, “Where will you go?” They ask where I will go.
She said, “What are they?” She asked what they were.
I said, “When did you eat?” I asked when she (he) had eaten.
4. Apabila direct speech berbentuk imperative sentence.
Apabila direct speech berbentuk imperative sentence, maka pada indirect
speech terdapat beberapa perubahan sebagai berikut:
o Kata say diubah menjadi ask tell, order, command, advise, warn, urge
disertai object.
o Bentuk waktu (tenses) tidak berubah, selalu simple present yang didahului
to untuk affirmative sentence dan not to untuk negative sentence.
Contoh:
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
They say, “Don’t go away, Hans!” They ask Hans not to go away.
She said, “Don’t be a doctors?” She asked us not to be doctors.
I said, “Study hard?” I advised him (her) to study hard.
Simple INTERMEDIATE Grammar Handbook
54 www.jogjaenglish.com
5. Perubahan kata keterangan waktu (adverb of time) dari direct speech ke
indirect speech.
No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1. Now Then
2. Today That day
3. … ago … before
… earlier
4. Yesterday The day before
The previous day
The preceding day
5. The day before yesterday Two days before
6. Tomorrow The (a) day after
The next day
The following day
7. The day after tomorrow In two day’s time
8. Next The following / the day after
9. Last The … before
The previous …
The preceding …
10. Here There
11. This That
Cotohn:
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
I said, “Where is she now?!” I asked where she was then.
He said, “I will be twenty next
month”
He said (that) he would be twenty
the following month.
Mr. Sahid said, “Were you sad last
night?”
Mr. Sahid wanted to know whether
I had been sad the previous night.
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Comprehensive Exercise of Direct & Indirect Speech
Change these sentences into indirect speech, active and passive using the verb in
brackets.
1. The teacher said to me, “You may leave early.” (permit)
Active : The teacher permitted me to leave early.
Passive : I was permitted to leave early.
2. The secretary said to me, “Please give note to Sue.” (ask)
3. My advisor said to me, “You should take Biology 109.” (advise)
4. When I went to traffic court, the judge said to me, “You must pay a-thirty
dollar fine.” (order)
5. During the test, the teacher said to Greg, “Keep your eyes on your own paper.”
(warn)
6. During the test, the teacher said to Greg, “Don’t look at your neighbor’s
paper.” (warn)
7. At the meeting, the head of department said to the faculty, “Don’t forget to
turn in your grade reports by 15th.” (remind)
8. Mr. Lee said to the children, “Be quiet.” (tell)
9. The hijacker said to the pilot, “You must land the plane.” (force)
10.When I was growing up, my parents said to me, “You may stay up late on
Saturday night.” (allow)
11. The teacher said to the students, “Speak slowly and clearly.” (encourage)
12. The teacher always says to the students, “You are supposed to come class on
time.” (expect)
13. The professor said to me, “You may leave early.” (allow)
14.Mrs. Anderson was very stern and a little angry. She shook her finger at the
children and said to them, “Don’t play with matches.” (warn)
15.My friend said to me, “You should get some automobile insurance.” (advise)
contoh kalimat direct and indirect speech
simple present
He said, “I go to school every day.”
simple past
He said, “I went to school every day.”
present perfect
He said, “I have gone to school every day.”
present progressive
He said, “I am going to school every day.”
past progressive
He said, “I was going to school every day.”
future (will)
He said, “I will go to school every day.”
INDIRECT SPEECH
simple past
He said (that) he went to school every day.
past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
past perfect
He said (that) he had gone to school every day.
past progressive
He said (that) he was going to school every day.
perfect progressive
He said (that) he had been going to school every day,
Al Qosiem VE
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